How to Recover Data from Corrupted Storage Devices

Losing access to important data due to a corrupted storage device can be stressful, but recovery is often possible with the right approach. Whether it's a hard drive, SSD, USB drive, or SD card, this guide will walk you through the steps to recover data and minimise the chances of permanent loss.

Table of Contents

1. What Causes Storage Device Corruption?
2. Precautions Before Attempting Recovery
3. Methods to Recover Data from Corrupted Storage Devices
4. When to Seek Professional Help
5. Tips to Prevent Future Data Loss

1. What Causes Storage Device Corruption?

Storage devices can become corrupted for several reasons:

• Power Failures: Sudden loss of power during file operations.
• Physical Damage: Dropping or mishandling the device.
• File System Errors: Caused by improper ejection or malware.
• Overheating: Prolonged use without adequate cooling.
• Aging Hardware: Wear and tear over time.

2. Precautions Before Attempting Recovery

• Stop Using the Device: Avoid writing new data to the device to prevent overwriting recoverable files.
• Back Up Other Data: If the device is partially accessible, back up any files you can still access.
• Check Connections: Ensure the device is properly connected to rule out simple connection issues.

3. Methods to Recover Data from Corrupted Storage Devices

Method 1: Use Built-In Tools

• Windows:

  1. Connect the device to your PC.
  2. Open This PC, right-click the corrupted drive, and select Properties.
  3. Go to the Tools tab and click Check under Error Checking.
  4. Follow the prompts to fix errors and recover data.

• Mac:

  1. Open Disk Utility from Applications > Utilities.
  2. Select the corrupted drive and click First Aid.
  3. Allow the tool to repair the drive and recover data.

Method 2: Use Data Recovery Software
If built-in tools don’t work, specialised software can scan and recover lost files:

• Recuva (Windows): Free and user-friendly recovery tool.
• Disk Drill (Mac/Windows): Recovers a wide range of file types.
• EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard (Mac/Windows): Effective for deep scans.
• PhotoRec (Mac/Windows/Linux): Open-source and reliable.

Steps for Using Data Recovery Software:

1. Install the software on a working device.
2. Connect the corrupted storage device.
3. Run a scan to detect recoverable files.
4. Preview and save the recovered files to a different storage device.

Method 3: Command-Line Recovery
For advanced users, command-line tools can help:

• Windows CHKDSK:
  1. Open Command Prompt as administrator.
  2. Type chkdsk /f /r X: (replace "X" with the drive letter) and press Enter.
  3. Follow prompts to repair the drive.
• Mac Terminal (FSCK):
  1. Restart in Recovery Mode (hold Command + R).
  2. Open Terminal and type fsck -fy.
  3. Wait for the repair process to complete.

4. When to Seek Professional Help

If the device has physical damage or recovery software fails, professional data recovery services are your best option. They can disassemble and repair hardware or use specialised techniques to retrieve data.

5. Tips to Prevent Future Data Loss

• Back Up Regularly: Use cloud storage or external drives.
• Safely Eject Devices: Always eject storage devices properly to avoid file system corruption.
• Use Antivirus Software: Protect devices from malware.
• Avoid Overloading Storage: Maintain at least 20% free space on drives to ensure smooth operation.
• Monitor Device Health: Use tools like CrystalDiskInfo or Disk Utility to check the health of your drives.

Recovering data from a corrupted storage device can be challenging, but with patience and the right tools, you can often retrieve lost files. Take preventive measures to minimise future risks and keep your data safe.